Which factor is NOT typically associated with the success of urban spaces?

The success of urban spaces often hinges on various positive factors that enhance the experience of inhabitants and visitors. Food, for example, is a significant draw for urban areas, providing not only nourishment but also opportunities for social interaction and cultural expression. Sunlight is crucial as well, as access to natural light can improve mood, encourage outdoor activities, and contribute to the overall ambiance of a space.

Water can also be an essential component of successful urban design, whether through the presence of bodies of water, such as rivers or lakes, or through water features like fountains. These elements add aesthetic appeal, promote ecological benefits, and provide spaces for recreation.

In contrast, noise is generally seen as a negative factor in urban environments. Excessive noise can lead to stress and disrupt social interactions, detracting from the overall experience of the space. While some urban areas may embrace certain noises, like the buzz of bustling markets, consistent loud noise is not typically associated with the success of urban environments. Therefore, noise would be the factor that stands out as not contributing positively to urban space success.