What does 'complexity' refer to in the context of Berlyne's aesthetics?

In the context of Berlyne's aesthetics, 'complexity' refers to the diversity of elements in the environment. Berlyne proposed that complexity can enhance aesthetic experience by engaging an observer's curiosity and interest. A diverse array of elements—such as a variety of shapes, colors, textures, and patterns—can create a richer sensory experience, encouraging exploration and cognitive stimulation. This engagement is tied to the idea that people are often attracted to environments that provide a complexity that balances novelty and familiarity, effectively drawing their attention and enhancing their emotional response.

The focus on diversity highlights that a single design element or overly simplistic designs can lead to boredom or lack of engagement, as they do not offer enough stimulus for the observer. Complex environments can evoke deeper emotional and psychological responses, making them more engaging and enjoyable. Understanding this relationship in Berlyne's framework can help in designing spaces that are aesthetically pleasing and cognitively stimulating, ensuring a more fulfilling experience for users.