According to Attention Restoration Theory, spending time in nature improves which cognitive function?

Attention Restoration Theory posits that being in natural environments contributes to cognitive recovery, particularly enhancing the ability to concentrate. This theory suggests that exposure to nature allows individuals to alleviate mental fatigue caused by sustained attention and cognitive demands typical in urban settings.

Nature provides environments that are inherently fascinating and less demanding on one’s cognitive resources compared to urban and built environments, which usually require a higher degree of directed attention. By interacting with nature, an individual’s attention can shift from a state of directed focus on tasks to one that is more relaxed and restorative. This shift leads to improved concentration, enabling individuals to return to focused tasks with renewed mental energy and clarity.

While memory retention, emotional regulation, and problem-solving skills can all benefit from exposure to nature, the specific emphasis of Attention Restoration Theory is primarily on the improvement of concentration as a direct response to restorative experiences in natural settings.